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More Questions of Survival
Everything you always wanted to know about being afraid of terror, asked.
 
Q: What else has the city done recently to prepare for terror?
A: After September 11, the city hired McKinsey & Co. to review its police and fire emergency procedures. Aside from creating a counterterrorism bureau headed by a retired Marine general and an intelligence bureau headed up by a CIA veteran, the NYPD has hinted that it may keep a "shadow staff" on hand if senior officers are killed in another attack. The Fire Department is said to be tightening its chain of command, and for the first time, police and fire radios will be compatible. Some federal money has come in for radiation detectors and bioterrorism medication. Politicians are focusing on everything from better communications technology (one of the few programs to evade Bloomberg's budget ax) to adding security at Penn Station (a Chuck Schumer production). And Public Advocate Betsy Gotbaum is preparing a free brochure with tips on how to assemble an evacuation kit with, among other items, clothing, a whistle, a compass, and sunscreen. "We urge New Yorkers to be alert and mindful of potential disasters," the brochure reads, "but to continue enjoying life in our great city."
   
Q: Where would Mayor Bloomberg go (piloting his own helicopter, perhaps) in an emergency?
A: Mayor Bloomberg has moved his emergency command center from its post–September 11 location at Manhattan's Pier 92 to two temporary sites in Brooklyn: one in an abandoned warehouse at 11 Water Street beneath the overpass to the Brooklyn Bridge, and one in a windowless brick building just north of Coney Island. The 40,000-square-foot, $3.8 million Water Street facility is equipped with a backup power generator, a weather station, a GIS mapping system, and a 24-hour-watch command center. Still, in light of warnings about attacks on city landmarks, a command center underneath the Brooklyn Bridge seems like a questionable idea at best.
   
Q: Why can't we just scan every point of entry in New York for radioactive materials?
A: "We would like to be able to put detectors out in as widespread a manner as we can," says Dr. Ralph James, associate laboratory director for national security at Brookhaven National Laboratory. "But since that comes at a cost, we want to focus first on transportation choke points: tunnels, bridges, rail-transport systems, maybe airports." Possible price tag? Two hundred fifty million. Brookhaven is already at work on equipment to scan large intermodal containers used in ports. And it's developing a low-cost sensor pack to be integrated in the container itself, which could communicate via wireless -- scanning the container before it even gets to port. Ultimately, James would like to see every postal worker, policeman, and fireman equipped with a cheaper form of scanner. "Disperse them throughout the city and network their detectors together," he says, "so someone in a processing center could see a number of sensors all going off in one specific area."
   
Q: Should you build a safe room at home?
A: Only if your portfolio hasn't been severely battered; these things don't come cheap: "Somebody could spend $20,000 to $30,000 for a safe room," says Robert Davis of Red Alert, Inc., which manufactures and installs them, "and someone else could spend $200,000 for a really safe room. Air filtration. Oxygen. The options are limitless. Most, though, are for paranoid, wealthy people." For budget-conscious survivalists, the American Red Cross offers the following instructions for how to "shelter in place": Choose an inner room. Close and lock all windows and exterior doors. Turn off fans and heating and air-conditioning systems. Tape Styrofoam sheets over any windows. Stick self-adhesive rubber sealing strips around the window frames. Tape heavy plastic over windows and doorways. Seal locks, outlets, and other openings. Block any openings that are difficult to seal with cloths soaked in bleach and water.
   
Q: Should you keep gold -- the actual glittering metal -- on hand?
A:

Maybe you should have asked this as you were doubling down on WorldCom. . . . But in the event of an attack, probably not. Charles Norton, a portfolio manager at hedge fund GNI Capital, argues that holding gold bullion is impractical, because it's "expensive to store" and "cumbersome to transport," especially if you have to move in a hurry. A better choice, Norton suggests, would be to invest in gold-futures contracts or gold stocks, which would most likely rise if there was an attack.

 

Q: What do Israelis know about terror that you should learn?
A:

The Israel Defense Forces' Homefront Command provides every household with a weapons-of-mass-destruction (WMD) protective kit containing gas masks for the entire family as well as a small store of atropine to be used in case of a nerve-gas attack. Moreover, every newly constructed house and apartment building must be designed with a separate, sealed safety room, known as an "apartment protected space" or, more lyrically, as a merhav mugan dirati in Hebrew. These bunkers have heavy steel doors and are outfitted with battery-operated radios tuned to emergency-broadcast stations. Not surprisingly, home security has become a boom industry. For those willing to spend the shekels, the options are almost limitless. There are concrete-and-steel reinforcement for the walls and ceilings and sophisticated air-purification systems to eliminate the need for wearing masks. Popular during the Gulf War was the Protective Infant Carrier, better known as the "cocoon," essentially a crib within a plastic bubble, fed with motor-driven streams of fresh air.

 

Q: How worried should you be be about the water supply?
A:

Not very. According to the Department of Environmental Protection, it would be almost impossible to contaminate the city's water. Because our system is so vast -- nineteen reservoirs covering a total of 1,900 square miles supply more than 1.3 billion gallons of water to the city daily -- any toxins introduced into it would be so diluted as to be harmless. "You would literally have to be up there with tractor-trailer trucks dumping stuff for days to put anything in of any concern," says DEP commissioner Chris Ward. All of the reservoirs are tested daily for pathogens, so contamination would be detected almost immediately. A more serious concern is that intake valves or dams could be sabotaged. Even before September 11, the DEP had begun fortifying potentially vulnerable spots. Since then, the agency has added $70 million to the security budget -- hiring 70 additional police officers to supplement its 140-person force, setting up infrared cameras and installing "tickler wires" to detect intruders.

 

Q: What's ground zero of the biggest political-celebrity battle over terror threats?
A:

:It's Indian Point, on the Hudson 40 miles north of New York City. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who's wanted the place closed for years, has said a meltdown there could release several times as much radiation as Chernobyl, contaminating up to 50 miles -- possibly including New York City -- and causing $600 billion in damage. Kennedy and other anti-nuclear activists claim the plant has five vulnerable spots, including containment domes and "spent"-fuel pools. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, these areas were not built to withstand impact by a large commercial jet. Indian Point officials insist the plant is safe: The storage facilities are mostly underground, encased by steel-reinforced concrete walls that are six feet thick. As a test, Sandia National Laboratories sent an F-4 fighter crashing into a similar containment wall at almost 500 miles an hour. The jet disintegrated into dust after penetrating just 2.4 inches. Besides, Indian Point says that if the control room was infiltrated by terrorists and the personnel there killed, other workers could shut down the reactor in two seconds. Right after September 11, the Coast Guard offered the plant full-time security. Now it does only periodic checks, but the plant remains under military surveillance. Still, when Scott Cullen, executive director of the star Foundation (Standing for the Truth About Radiation), took a group out on a boat to test the water by the Millstone Nuclear Power Station on the Long Island Sound in Connecticut, they dug up sediment with a large rake -- without ever laying eyes on a Coast Guard interceptor. "We could've been building a rocket," he says. Governor Pataki has just ordered a review of Indian Point's security procedures.

 

Q: Where can you get more information?
A: The Office of the Public Advocate (212-669-7250) is preparing a brochure detailing preparedness techniques (including its own "evacuation kit"), information resources, and an overview of the city's response to the threats. The American Red Cross (www.redcross.org; 866-GET-INFO) offers everything from an explanation of the color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System to documents outlining how to help children cope with terrorist attacks. The New York Office of Emergency Management (www.nyc.gov/html/oem; 718-422-4800) has a host of disaster-planning documents -- "How to Prepare Food During a Disaster," "Your Family Disaster Plan." And if you see a shifty character carting hazardous waste toward midtown, you'll need the number for the NYPD Anti-Terrorism Hotline: 888-NYC-SAFE.
 
 
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