Everything you
always wanted to know about being afraid of terror, asked.
Q:
What else
has the city done recently to prepare for terror?
A:
After September
11, the city hired McKinsey & Co. to review its police and fire emergency
procedures. Aside from creating a counterterrorism bureau headed by
a retired Marine general and an intelligence bureau headed up by a
CIA veteran, the NYPD has hinted that it may keep a "shadow staff"
on hand if senior officers are killed in another attack. The Fire
Department is said to be tightening its chain of command, and for
the first time, police and fire radios will be compatible. Some federal
money has come in for radiation detectors and bioterrorism medication.
Politicians are focusing on everything from better communications
technology (one of the few programs to evade Bloomberg's budget ax)
to adding security at Penn Station (a Chuck Schumer production). And
Public Advocate Betsy Gotbaum is preparing a free brochure with tips
on how to assemble an evacuation kit with, among other items, clothing,
a whistle, a compass, and sunscreen. "We urge New Yorkers to be alert
and mindful of potential disasters," the brochure reads, "but to continue
enjoying life in our great city."
Q:
Where would
Mayor Bloomberg go (piloting his own helicopter, perhaps) in an emergency?
A:
Mayor Bloomberg
has moved his emergency command center from its post–September 11
location at Manhattan's Pier 92 to two temporary sites in Brooklyn:
one in an abandoned warehouse at 11 Water Street beneath the overpass
to the Brooklyn Bridge, and one in a windowless brick building just
north of Coney Island. The 40,000-square-foot, $3.8 million Water
Street facility is equipped with a backup power generator, a weather
station, a GIS mapping system, and a 24-hour-watch command center.
Still, in light of warnings about attacks on city landmarks, a command
center underneath the Brooklyn Bridge seems like a questionable idea
at best.
Q:
Why can't
we just scan every point of entry in New York for radioactive materials?
A:
"We would like
to be able to put detectors out in as widespread a manner as we can,"
says Dr. Ralph James, associate laboratory director for national security
at Brookhaven National Laboratory. "But since that comes at a cost,
we want to focus first on transportation choke points: tunnels, bridges,
rail-transport systems, maybe airports." Possible price tag? Two hundred
fifty million. Brookhaven is already at work on equipment to scan
large intermodal containers used in ports. And it's developing a low-cost
sensor pack to be integrated in the container itself, which could
communicate via wireless -- scanning the container before it even
gets to port. Ultimately, James would like to see every postal worker,
policeman, and fireman equipped with a cheaper form of scanner. "Disperse
them throughout the city and network their detectors together," he
says, "so someone in a processing center could see a number of sensors
all going off in one specific area."
Q:
Should you
build a safe room at home?
A:
Only if your
portfolio hasn't been severely battered; these things don't come cheap:
"Somebody could spend $20,000 to $30,000 for a safe room," says Robert
Davis of Red Alert, Inc., which manufactures and installs them, "and
someone else could spend $200,000 for a really safe room. Air filtration.
Oxygen. The options are limitless. Most, though, are for paranoid,
wealthy people." For budget-conscious survivalists, the American Red
Cross offers the following instructions for how to "shelter in place":
Choose an inner room. Close and lock all windows and exterior doors.
Turn off fans and heating and air-conditioning systems. Tape Styrofoam
sheets over any windows. Stick self-adhesive rubber sealing strips
around the window frames. Tape heavy plastic over windows and doorways.
Seal locks, outlets, and other openings. Block any openings that are
difficult to seal with cloths soaked in bleach and water.
Q:
Should you
keep gold -- the actual glittering metal -- on hand?
A:
Maybe you should have asked this as you were doubling down on WorldCom.
. . . But in the event of an attack, probably not. Charles Norton,
a portfolio manager at hedge fund GNI Capital, argues that holding
gold bullion is impractical, because it's "expensive to store" and
"cumbersome to transport," especially if you have to move in a hurry.
A better choice, Norton suggests, would be to invest in gold-futures
contracts or gold stocks, which would most likely rise if there
was an attack.
Q:
What do Israelis
know about terror that you should learn?
A:
The Israel Defense Forces' Homefront Command provides every household
with a weapons-of-mass-destruction (WMD) protective kit containing
gas masks for the entire family as well as a small store of atropine
to be used in case of a nerve-gas attack. Moreover, every newly
constructed house and apartment building must be designed with a
separate, sealed safety room, known as an "apartment protected space"
or, more lyrically, as a merhav mugan dirati in Hebrew. These bunkers
have heavy steel doors and are outfitted with battery-operated radios
tuned to emergency-broadcast stations. Not surprisingly, home security
has become a boom industry. For those willing to spend the shekels,
the options are almost limitless. There are concrete-and-steel reinforcement
for the walls and ceilings and sophisticated air-purification systems
to eliminate the need for wearing masks. Popular during the Gulf
War was the Protective Infant Carrier, better known as the "cocoon,"
essentially a crib within a plastic bubble, fed with motor-driven
streams of fresh air.
Q:
How worried
should you be be about the water supply?
A:
Not very. According to the Department of Environmental Protection,
it would be almost impossible to contaminate the city's water. Because
our system is so vast -- nineteen reservoirs covering a total of
1,900 square miles supply more than 1.3 billion gallons of water
to the city daily -- any toxins introduced into it would be so diluted
as to be harmless. "You would literally have to be up there with
tractor-trailer trucks dumping stuff for days to put anything in
of any concern," says DEP commissioner Chris Ward. All of the reservoirs
are tested daily for pathogens, so contamination would be detected
almost immediately. A more serious concern is that intake valves
or dams could be sabotaged. Even before September 11, the DEP had
begun fortifying potentially vulnerable spots. Since then, the agency
has added $70 million to the security budget -- hiring 70 additional
police officers to supplement its 140-person force, setting up infrared
cameras and installing "tickler wires" to detect intruders.
Q:
What's ground
zero of the biggest political-celebrity battle over terror threats?
A:
:It's Indian Point, on the Hudson 40 miles north of New York City.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who's wanted the place closed for years,
has said a meltdown there could release several times as much radiation
as Chernobyl, contaminating up to 50 miles -- possibly including
New York City -- and causing $600 billion in damage. Kennedy and
other anti-nuclear activists claim the plant has five vulnerable
spots, including containment domes and "spent"-fuel pools. According
to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, these areas were not built
to withstand impact by a large commercial jet. Indian Point officials
insist the plant is safe: The storage facilities are mostly underground,
encased by steel-reinforced concrete walls that are six feet thick.
As a test, Sandia National Laboratories sent an F-4 fighter crashing
into a similar containment wall at almost 500 miles an hour. The
jet disintegrated into dust after penetrating just 2.4 inches. Besides,
Indian Point says that if the control room was infiltrated by terrorists
and the personnel there killed, other workers could shut down the
reactor in two seconds. Right after September 11, the Coast Guard
offered the plant full-time security. Now it does only periodic
checks, but the plant remains under military surveillance. Still,
when Scott Cullen, executive director of the star Foundation (Standing
for the Truth About Radiation), took a group out on a boat to test
the water by the Millstone Nuclear Power Station on the Long Island
Sound in Connecticut, they dug up sediment with a large rake --
without ever laying eyes on a Coast Guard interceptor. "We could've
been building a rocket," he says. Governor Pataki has just ordered
a review of Indian Point's security procedures.
Q:
Where can
you get more information?
A:
The Office of
the Public Advocate (212-669-7250) is preparing a brochure detailing
preparedness techniques (including its own "evacuation kit"), information
resources, and an overview of the city's response to the threats.
The American Red Cross (www.redcross.org;
866-GET-INFO) offers everything from an explanation of the color-coded
Homeland Security Advisory System to documents outlining how to help
children cope with terrorist attacks. The New York Office of Emergency
Management (www.nyc.gov/html/oem;
718-422-4800) has a host of disaster-planning documents -- "How to
Prepare Food During a Disaster," "Your Family Disaster Plan." And
if you see a shifty character carting hazardous waste toward midtown,
you'll need the number for the NYPD Anti-Terrorism Hotline: 888-NYC-SAFE.